Data mining is an increasingly important technology\nfor extracting useful knowledge from large collections of data.\nWhen considering the legal and ethical aspects of data mining,\nalong with privacy, discrimination is also a very important issue.\nAutomated data mining techniques make automated decisions,\nlike loan granting/denial, job recruitment, etc. If the\ntraining data sets are biased towards discriminatory attributes\nlike gender, race, religion, etc., discriminatory decisions may\nensue. Eliminating the potential bias from the training data\nwithout harming their decision-making utility is therefore highly\ndesirable. In this paper, a new anti-discrimination approach is\nproposed. The first phase of the approach uses Preferential\nSampling scheme to reduce the data set size by uniformly\ndistributing the data objects and removing data objects close to\nthe decision boundaries. The second phase uses two approaches:\nrule generalization and rule protection to perform data\ntransformation based on the relation between rules and\ndiscrimination measures respectively.

Cementing in the oil sector covers a wide range of temperature. In this research, the effect of the formation temperature on hardened cement contaminated with CO2 was studied. Studied also was the effect of additive in the cement slurry during preparation as inhibitor against future carbonation. It was discovered that rice husk ash additive minimized hardened cement carbonization to only 2.34% loss in cement core dry weight. It was also discovered that preparing cement with brine reduces possibility of future carbonization. There was 22.2% weight loss for brine mixed cement while the cement mixed with ordinary water had a weight loss of 34.25% due to contamination with CO2. This result was obtained even when the ordinary Portland cement had a coring period of over four months which was seven folds curing period than that of the cement with the rice-husk ash/brine additives and so is expected to have higher resistance against carbonization than the ones with additives. The ordinary Portland cement had higher compressive strength, 2.39N/mm2, than others. Portland cement mixed with brine (sea water) had low compressive strength of 0.73N/mm2 for a curing period of 16 days. Addition of rice husk ash to the offshore cement mixed with sea water improved the compressive strength to 1.62N/ mm2. This indicated that in the face of carbonization, cement mixed with brine will give weaker strength than those mixed with normal water under the same environmental condition. Hence, addition of rice husk ash to cement will minimize carbonation of the cement and give the cemented well a good well structural integrity on exposure to CO2 gas during CO2 flooding/storage or during CO2 leakage from adjacent reservoir.

The development of successful of Malaysia healthcare industry is one the aim to achieve develops nation status in 2020. Consequently, exposure and searching new methods to be applied in the healthcare industry showed that the positive developments towards achieving the vision. One of the issues in healthcare industry is how to manage healthcare waste properly. SPC is one of the effective techniques to monitor, manage, analyze and improve performance in Waste Management (WM). This paper attempts to review and proposed structural relationship model of WM and Statistical Process Control (SPC) in healthcare industry. Next, the hypothesis has been developed based on the literature and the proposed research model for Malaysian healthcare industry also provided. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques will used in order to get the empirical result.

Entrepreneurship in the world, especially in Western developed countries, the much interest in recent years the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and integrating the separation of infrastructure services needed by entrepreneurs and governments innovative citizens, industrialists and entrepreneurs to create. a person apart from the idea of an entrepreneur, long way to run and deliver it to the finally, profitability and growth of the organization. In many cases the idea does not run and stays in the mind. \nEntrepreneurship ecosystem is composed of the factors in the development of entrepreneurship involved. Macro-economic factors, cultural, social and political willingness and ability to influence the choice of entrepreneurial activity. Hence the to create an entrepreneurial environment, due to factors such as culture, policy, Financial resources, human capital, market and support services as areas entrepreneurship ecosystem is of particular importance.

Apriori algorithm is a popular and classical algorithm in data mining. The apriori algorithm has certain disadvantages too. This paper discusses about 6 improved apriori algorithms, new techniques used, how they are more efficient as compared to traditional apriori algorithm. Paper also provides comparisons of algorithm based on certain important attributes, identifies the strength and weakness and proposes future work in this domain. Different objective measures to identify relationship between attributes are also discussed.

Color is an essential category of culture. Following Goethe, it has been shown that color as \"unconscious\" information represents an ideal image of the material world, with the character of the ideal fundamentally an essential predicate of information. The ideal\'s specific character should not be viewed as an isomorphism of heterogeneous systems, given the phenomenon of information adequate to a message\'s semantics (e.g., to image) but not always to form (stimulus pattern, signal). Chromatism theory allows consideration of the predicates of being in the form of the following ontological \"chroma\" plans: color as the signified (color perception), the ideal — Id-; pigment as denotation (environmental self-coloration), the material — Ma-; skin color as a basic organic factor (color sensation), sensus — S-; color name as signifier — the non-objective and ideal with respect to the S-plan, but in the Id-plan, objectified and materialized in a thesaurus — Mt- (thesaurus of color designations); emotions, feelings, idioms, canons as embodiments of information-energy relations among relevant \"chroma\" plans. These definitions make it possible to glimpse the actual differences between Frege\'s concept and the reality of color objectivism.

Monopoly and Perfect Competition in general are two types of market exist in several countries of world. But after Economical reform there exist a new kind of market in India know as Oligopoly, which is neither perfect competition nor monopoly. The term Oligopoly comes from two Greek words: Oligoi meaning “few”and poleein meaning “to sell”. Oligopoly market refers to a kind of market mechanism that only a few manufacturers control production and vendition of product in entire market .The perfect example of oligopoly in India is Petroleum companies, they follows Cournot’s model. In this paper the original cournot model explained with the help of Mathematical expression. Second part of the paper is a mathematical model for n firms in oligopoly market. Third part of paper explained the need of new model for Indian market. The conclusions have certain academic guiding sense and practical application value. At last, some suggestions for government to control the price of petroleum products and for companies about their product and profits.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses sensors to enable communication among things or objects in what is called internet of things (IoT) technology. Web 2.0 tools, on the other hand, are used on electronic devices (phones, PDAs, computers, etc.) to transmit data contents over the internet. In this study, we used a synergy of these two technologies to improve inventory management. We proposed software architecture that fully integrates the advantages of RFID and Web 2.0 tools. The proposed architecture was used to developed inventory management software prototype focused on enterprises in developing countries of Africa, specifically South Africa. Existing studies have placed much emphasis on the radio communication aspect of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This study considers the software aspect of optimal utilisation of IoT technology, an aspect which existing studies have largely neglected. The inventory management prototype developed was able to detect misplaced products, detect low stock levels and send notification on Twitter to update inventory manager on mobile phone. Scalability measurements of the software were taken in order to validate the performance of the software prototype. Results show that the system scaled reliably with increasing number of items read. The contribution of this work was compared to existing work and our findings are presented in this paper. Real life evaluation for a specific industry will be necessary to further reveal what improvements would be required to make our architecture more relevant. Behavioural study of users will also be required to further determine the economic and social benefits of our approach.

The greenhouse effect is a worldwide issue as more and more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere leading to global climate change. The effects include an increase in temperature unstable weather and an increase in ocean levels resulting in ice melting in the North and South Poles. In the present work the existing diesel engine was suitably modified to operate in dual and HCCI modes. The experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with diesel in single fuel mode and CNG and UOMEin DFand HCCI operation modes. The CNG was inducted into the inlet manifold along with air using a suitable carburetor. From the results obtained, it is observed that DF mode of operation performed poorer compared to conventional single fuel mode of operation but lower smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), NOx emissions were resulted. The HCCI engine yielded better results in terms of higher break thermal efficiency (BTE) than DF mode of operation and lower than conventional CI mode. Further emissions such as CO, NOx and smoke emissions were lower with higher HC emission. The NOx and smoke emissions were decreased by about 98% and 94%respectively.